National and local governments increasingly recognize the benefits of leveraging the power of new data sources and technologies to increase the availability of data for improved policies, decision-making and service delivery for its citizens. In response, both National Statistical Offices (NSOs) and City Data Officers (CDOs) have concentrated on adopting new methods and tools to harness the unprecedented amount of data transmitted by social, economic, and environmental systems. These sources of data, whether from citizens, devices, buildings, and assets are a powerful resource for the management and monitoring of public services such as traffic and transportation systems, power plants, utilities, water supply networks, waste, and crime detection.