Tonga's fourth Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) undertaken by Tonga Statistics Department (TSD). The previous HIES took place in 2001, 2009 and 2015.
Kiribati undertook their third HIES between 2019 and 2020. The main objectives of the survey were to assess the socioeconomic situation of i-Kiribati people and households and to provide data for use in forming economic and social policy.